Socially responsible companies

The time is long gone (1970) when Milton Friedman could say that “the only social responsibility of companies is to make a profit”. Today, the concept of CSR is emerging as an essential response to the problems generated by changes in the world. Beyond the first circle of CSR, relations with stakeholders, this social and environmental responsibility extends to territories and the whole community. If the intentions expressed are now strong, if the scientific basis of CSR is well established, it is now time for action, an action that must be equal to the needs. The rapidity of climate degradation, the pandemic and the war in Ukraine show the urgency of the rise of CSR.
Finally, the cost of the negative externalities produced by companies is becoming increasingly quantified, whether in terms of employee well-being, health, climate or biodiversity. Should companies be made to pay this cost directly? Or is it better to reward virtuous companies, to rely on incentives, reputation, and to create labels? What should be the role of the state?